Muscle with multiple tendons

Hello everyone,
I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling digotorum
extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am curious, if there is
a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting results with
only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be better to
have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.

I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment and
using AnyKinPLine
function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is there any
other better/easier method?

thanks

-prabhav.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Prabhav

The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.

You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
muscles.

This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way you
may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle of
the muscle, or at some certain fraction.

Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to the
underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal direction of
the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
needs to be carried anyway).

Plase ask again if you have further questions

Best regards
Søren, AnyBody Support

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
<prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
>
> Hello everyone,
> I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
digotorum
> extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am curious,
if there is
> a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
results with
> only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be
better to
> have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
>
> I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment
and
> using AnyKinPLine
> function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
there any
> other better/easier method?
>
> thanks
>
> -prabhav.
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Thanks Soren for the quick reply… One more question, how can I calculate
moment arms for the muscle. It is mentioned in the tutorials, but I couldnt
find the function for it.

prabhav.

On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.
>
> You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> muscles.
>
> This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
> this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
> itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
> would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way you
> may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle of
> the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
>
> Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
> balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to the
> underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal direction of
> the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
> needs to be carried anyway).
>
> Plase ask again if you have further questions
>
> Best regards
> Søren, AnyBody Support
>
> — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> Saraswat”
> <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hello everyone,
> > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> digotorum
> > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am curious,
> if there is
> > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
> results with
> > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be
> better to
> > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> >
> > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment
> and
> > using AnyKinPLine
> > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
> there any
> > other better/easier method?
> >
> > thanks
> >
> > -prabhav.
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Prabhav

I think you wanna take a look at AnyForceMomentMeasure, which you can
use for measuring moments and forces.

Best regards
Christian, AnyBody Support

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
<prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
>
> Thanks Soren for the quick reply… One more question, how can I
calculate
> moment arms for the muscle. It is mentioned in the tutorials, but I
couldnt
> find the function for it.
>
> prabhav.
>
> On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.
> >
> > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > muscles.
> >
> > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
> > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
> > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
> > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way you
> > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle of
> > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> >
> > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
> > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to the
> > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal direction of
> > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
> > needs to be carried anyway).
> >
> > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> >
> > Best regards
> > S�ren, AnyBody Support
> >
> > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>,
“Prabhav
> > Saraswat”
> > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hello everyone,
> > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > digotorum
> > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am curious,
> > if there is
> > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
> > results with
> > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be
> > better to
> > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > >
> > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment
> > and
> > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
> > there any
> > > other better/easier method?
> > >
> > > thanks
> > >
> > > -prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

The best way to do this is to create a variable in the study this way:

AnyVar MomentArm = muscle.LmDot/(joint.Vel[n]+0.0000001);

where “muscle” is the muscle in quesion and “joint” is the joint,
and “n” is the degree of freedom in the joint you want to know the
moment arm for. The 0.0000001 is a workaround to avoid division by
zero at load time.

This is a direct imlementation of the tendon excursion method that
you can find described in the clinical literature.

Best regards,
John

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “AnyBody Support” <support@…>
wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> I think you wanna take a look at AnyForceMomentMeasure, which you
can
> use for measuring moments and forces.
>
> Best regards
> Christian, AnyBody Support
>
> — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
> <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> >
> > Thanks Soren for the quick reply… One more question, how can I
> calculate
> > moment arms for the muscle. It is mentioned in the tutorials, but
I
> couldnt
> > find the function for it.
> >
> > prabhav.
> >
> > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Prabhav
> > >
> > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.
> > >
> > > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > > muscles.
> > >
> > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
> > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
> > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
> > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way
you
> > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle
of
> > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > >
> > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
> > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to
the
> > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
direction of
> > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
> > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > >
> > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > >
> > > Best regards
> > > S�ren, AnyBody Support
> > >
> > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>,
> “Prabhav
> > > Saraswat”
> > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > digotorum
> > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
curious,
> > > if there is
> > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
> > > results with
> > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will
be
> > > better to
> > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > >
> > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
segment
> > > and
> > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
> > > there any
> > > > other better/easier method?
> > > >
> > > > thanks
> > > >
> > > > -prabhav.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>

Hi Soren,

   I have shown the steps below that I am following to implement the

multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-

Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error = 1.052148E-001)
Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error = 0.105215. -
constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My Folder\Anybody Model\Foot
Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis failed in time
step 0

I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please let me know,
what am I doing wrong.

**
*1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle unit driving the
four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
**
// Intermediate Segments
//for EDL
AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
//Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-0.2237},{-0.2204,-0.0760
,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
Jii = {0,0,0};
AnyRefNode node = {
sRel ={0,0,0};
AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
};
};
//End of EDB

2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on the foot and the
intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model in line with the
muscle.

// Intermediate Joints

AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {

Axis = x;

AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
…FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;

AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
…FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;

};
*3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *

AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {

AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;

AnyRefNode &Org = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;

AnyRefNode &Via1 = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;

AnyRefNode &Ins =
…FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;

AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {

Bulging = …Bulge;

RGB = …RGB;

Transparency = …Trans;

MaxStress = …MaxS;

};

};

4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach the origin of
them to the intermediate segment.

//Tendons

AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {

AnyRefNode &Org =
…FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;

AnyRefNode &Via3 =
…FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;

AnyRefNode &Via4 =
…FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;

AnyRefNode &Via5 =
…FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;

AnyRefNode &Ins =
…FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;

};
5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine constant (An
AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be driven).

AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {

AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength = Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;

DriverPos = {0};

DriverVel = {0.0};

Reaction.Type = {1};

};

Thanks for you help.
**
Prabhav.

On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.
>
> You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> muscles.
>
> This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
> this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
> itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
> would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way you
> may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle of
> the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
>
> Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
> balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to the
> underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal direction of
> the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
> needs to be carried anyway).
>
> Plase ask again if you have further questions
>
> Best regards
> Søren, AnyBody Support
>
> — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> Saraswat”
> <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hello everyone,
> > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> digotorum
> > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am curious,
> if there is
> > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
> results with
> > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be
> better to
> > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> >
> > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment
> and
> > using AnyKinPLine
> > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
> there any
> > other better/easier method?
> >
> > thanks
> >
> > -prabhav.
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Prabhav

I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which is a
AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to have zero
length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on the
same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2 length
zero.

Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess on the
what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do the
folllowing

  1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the intermediate
    segment to the desired position
  2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
  3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
    4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a reaslictic
    length

Hope it solves the problem

Best regards
Søren

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
<prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
>
> Hi Soren,
>
> I have shown the steps below that I am following to
implement the
> multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
>
> Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
1.052148E-001)
> Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
0.105215. -
> constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My Folder\Anybody
Model\Foot
> Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
failed in time
> step 0
>
> I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please let me
know,
> what am I doing wrong.
>
> **
> *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle unit
driving the
> four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> **
> // Intermediate Segments
> //for EDL
> AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-0.2237},{-
0.2204,-0.0760
> ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> Jii = {0,0,0};
> AnyRefNode node = {
> sRel ={0,0,0};
> AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> };
> };
> //End of EDB
>
>
> 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on the
foot and the
> intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model in line
with the
> muscle.

>
>
> // Intermediate Joints
>
> AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
>
> Axis = x;
>
> AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
>
> AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
>
> };
> *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
>
> AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
>
> AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
>
> AnyRefNode &Org
= …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
>
> AnyRefNode &Via1 = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
>
> AnyRefNode &Ins =
> …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
>
> AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
>
> Bulging = …Bulge;
>
> RGB = …RGB;
>
> Transparency = …Trans;
>
> MaxStress = …MaxS;
>
> };
>
> };
>
>
>
> 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach the
origin of
> them to the intermediate segment.

>
> //Tendons
>
> AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
>
> AnyRefNode &Org =
> …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
>
> AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
>
> AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
>
> AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
>
> AnyRefNode &Ins =
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
>
> };
> 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
constant (An
> AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be driven).

>
> AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
>
> AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
>
> DriverPos = {0};
>
> DriverVel = {0.0};
>
> Reaction.Type = {1};
>
> };
>
>
> Thanks for you help.
> **
> Prabhav.
>
>
>
> On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.
> >
> > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > muscles.
> >
> > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
> > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
> > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
> > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way
you
> > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle
of
> > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> >
> > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
> > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to
the
> > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
direction of
> > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
> > needs to be carried anyway).
> >
> > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> >
> > Best regards
> > Søren, AnyBody Support
> >
> > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > Saraswat”
> > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hello everyone,
> > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > digotorum
> > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
curious,
> > if there is
> > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
> > results with
> > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be
> > better to
> > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > >
> > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment
> > and
> > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
> > there any
> > > other better/easier method?
> > >
> > > thanks
> > >
> > > -prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Thanks Soren,
It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw… function specific
for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make it appear on
the model view.

thanks again.

prabhav.

On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which is a
> AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to have zero
> length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on the
> same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2 length
> zero.
>
> Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess on the
> what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do the
> folllowing
> 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the intermediate
> segment to the desired position
> 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a reaslictic
> length
>
> Hope it solves the problem
>
> Best regards
> Søren
>
> — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> Saraswat”
> <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Soren,
> >
> > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> implement the
> > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> >
> > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> 1.052148E-001)
> > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> 0.105215. -
> > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My Folder\Anybody
> Model\Foot
> > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> failed in time
> > step 0
> >
> > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please let me
> know,
> > what am I doing wrong.
> >
> > **
> > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle unit
> driving the
> > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > **
> > // Intermediate Segments
> > //for EDL
> > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-0.2237},{-
> 0.2204,-0.0760
> > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > AnyRefNode node = {
> > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > };
> > };
> > //End of EDB
> >
> >
> > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on the
> foot and the
> > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model in line
> with the
> > muscle.

> >
> >
> > // Intermediate Joints
> >
> > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> >
> > Axis = x;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> >
> > };
> > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> >
> > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> >
> > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Org
> = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via1 = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> >
> > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> >
> > Bulging = …Bulge;
> >
> > RGB = …RGB;
> >
> > Transparency = …Trans;
> >
> > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> >
> > };
> >
> > };
> >
> >
> >
> > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach the
> origin of
> > them to the intermediate segment.

> >
> > //Tendons
> >
> > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> >
> > };
> > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> constant (An
> > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be driven).

> >
> > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> >
> > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> >
> > DriverPos = {0};
> >
> > DriverVel = {0.0};
> >
> > Reaction.Type = {1};
> >
> > };
> >
> >
> > Thanks for you help.
> > **
> > Prabhav.
> >
> >
> >
> > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Prabhav
> > >
> > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.
> > >
> > > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > > muscles.
> > >
> > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
> > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
> > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
> > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way
> you
> > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle
> of
> > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > >
> > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
> > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to
> the
> > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> direction of
> > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
> > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > >
> > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > >
> > > Best regards
> > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > >
> > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > Saraswat”
> > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > digotorum
> > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> curious,
> > > if there is
> > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
> > > results with
> > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be
> > > better to
> > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > >
> > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment
> > > and
> > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
> > > there any
> > > > other better/easier method?
> > > >
> > > > thanks
> > > >
> > > > -prabhav.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Soren,
This worked for one tendon. But when I attach more than one tendon,
number of constraints becomes more than the dofs.

Each tendon driver adds one constraint, prismatic joint another 5

constraints, that fills up 6 dof given by intermediate segment. How can I
add more than one tendon in such case?

prabhav.

On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which is a
> AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to have zero
> length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on the
> same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2 length
> zero.
>
> Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess on the
> what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do the
> folllowing
> 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the intermediate
> segment to the desired position
> 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a reaslictic
> length
>
> Hope it solves the problem
>
> Best regards
> Søren
>
> — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> Saraswat”
> <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Soren,
> >
> > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> implement the
> > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> >
> > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> 1.052148E-001)
> > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> 0.105215. -
> > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My Folder\Anybody
> Model\Foot
> > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> failed in time
> > step 0
> >
> > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please let me
> know,
> > what am I doing wrong.
> >
> > **
> > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle unit
> driving the
> > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > **
> > // Intermediate Segments
> > //for EDL
> > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-0.2237},{-
> 0.2204,-0.0760
> > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > AnyRefNode node = {
> > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > };
> > };
> > //End of EDB
> >
> >
> > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on the
> foot and the
> > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model in line
> with the
> > muscle.

> >
> >
> > // Intermediate Joints
> >
> > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> >
> > Axis = x;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> >
> > };
> > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> >
> > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> >
> > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Org
> = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via1 = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> >
> > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> >
> > Bulging = …Bulge;
> >
> > RGB = …RGB;
> >
> > Transparency = …Trans;
> >
> > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> >
> > };
> >
> > };
> >
> >
> >
> > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach the
> origin of
> > them to the intermediate segment.

> >
> > //Tendons
> >
> > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> >
> > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> >
> > };
> > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> constant (An
> > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be driven).

> >
> > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> >
> > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> >
> > DriverPos = {0};
> >
> > DriverVel = {0.0};
> >
> > Reaction.Type = {1};
> >
> > };
> >
> >
> > Thanks for you help.
> > **
> > Prabhav.
> >
> >
> >
> > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Prabhav
> > >
> > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do this.
> > >
> > > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > > muscles.
> > >
> > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in reality
> > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions by
> > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually. Here i
> > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this way
> you
> > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the middle
> of
> > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > >
> > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be able to
> > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions to
> the
> > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> direction of
> > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero but
> > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > >
> > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > >
> > > Best regards
> > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > >
> > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > Saraswat”
> > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > digotorum
> > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> curious,
> > > if there is
> > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am getting
> > > results with
> > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It will be
> > > better to
> > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > >
> > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate segment
> > > and
> > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And, is
> > > there any
> > > > other better/easier method?
> > > >
> > > > thanks
> > > >
> > > > -prabhav.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Prabhav

You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.

Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step is to look
into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver on the
PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this you need to
swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and the muscles
should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on one side and
tendon on the other side of this segment it will most likely not
work. This is because the force in the tendons are determined by the
kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force exactly,
meaning that the muscles force will be effectively controlled by the
way you drive this intermediate segment.

The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles, in this way
they can balance any load.

Best regards
Søren

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
<prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
>
> Thanks Soren,
> It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw… function
specific
> for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make it
appear on
> the model view.
>
> thanks again.
>
> prabhav.
>
>
> On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which is a
> > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to have
zero
> > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on the
> > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
length
> > zero.
> >
> > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess on
the
> > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do the
> > folllowing
> > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
intermediate
> > segment to the desired position
> > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a reaslictic
> > length
> >
> > Hope it solves the problem
> >
> > Best regards
> > Søren
> >
> > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > Saraswat”
> > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Soren,
> > >
> > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > implement the
> > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > >
> > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > 1.052148E-001)
> > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > 0.105215. -
> > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My Folder\Anybody
> > Model\Foot
> > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > failed in time
> > > step 0
> > >
> > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
let me
> > know,
> > > what am I doing wrong.
> > >
> > > **
> > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
unit
> > driving the
> > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > **
> > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > //for EDL
> > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-0.2237},{-
> > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > };
> > > };
> > > //End of EDB
> > >
> > >
> > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on the
> > foot and the
> > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model in
line
> > with the
> > > muscle.

> > >
> > >
> > > // Intermediate Joints
> > >
> > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > >
> > > Axis = x;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > >
> > > };
> > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > >
> > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > >
> > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via1
= …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > >
> > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > >
> > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > >
> > > RGB = …RGB;
> > >
> > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > >
> > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > >
> > > };
> > >
> > > };
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach the
> > origin of
> > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > >
> > > //Tendons
> > >
> > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> >
> …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> >
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > >
> > > };
> > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > constant (An
> > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
driven).

> > >
> > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > >
> > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > >
> > > DriverPos = {0};
> > >
> > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > >
> > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > >
> > > };
> > >
> > >
> > > Thanks for you help.
> > > **
> > > Prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > >
> > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
this.
> > > >
> > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > > > muscles.
> > > >
> > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
reality
> > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions
by
> > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
Here i
> > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this
way
> > you
> > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
middle
> > of
> > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > >
> > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
able to
> > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions
to
> > the
> > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > direction of
> > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero
but
> > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > >
> > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > >
> > > > Best regards
> > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > >
> > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > Saraswat”
> > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > digotorum
> > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > curious,
> > > > if there is
> > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
getting
> > > > results with
> > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
will be
> > > > better to
> > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > >
> > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
segment
> > > > and
> > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And,
is
> > > > there any
> > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > >
> > > > > thanks
> > > > >
> > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Hi Prabhav

When adding more tendons you should not add more drivers. The
kinematics of the intermediate segment is already determined, by the
driver of first tendon. So adding more drivers will cause problems
as you have seen.

Best regards
Søren

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
<prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
>
> Hi Soren,
> This worked for one tendon. But when I attach more than
one tendon,
> number of constraints becomes more than the dofs.
>
> Each tendon driver adds one constraint, prismatic joint another
5
> constraints, that fills up 6 dof given by intermediate segment.
How can I
> add more than one tendon in such case?
>
> prabhav.
>
>
> On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which is a
> > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to have
zero
> > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on the
> > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
length
> > zero.
> >
> > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess on
the
> > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do the
> > folllowing
> > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
intermediate
> > segment to the desired position
> > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a reaslictic
> > length
> >
> > Hope it solves the problem
> >
> > Best regards
> > Søren
> >
> > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > Saraswat”
> > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Soren,
> > >
> > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > implement the
> > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > >
> > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > 1.052148E-001)
> > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > 0.105215. -
> > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My Folder\Anybody
> > Model\Foot
> > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > failed in time
> > > step 0
> > >
> > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
let me
> > know,
> > > what am I doing wrong.
> > >
> > > **
> > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
unit
> > driving the
> > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > **
> > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > //for EDL
> > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-0.2237},{-
> > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > };
> > > };
> > > //End of EDB
> > >
> > >
> > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on the
> > foot and the
> > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model in
line
> > with the
> > > muscle.

> > >
> > >
> > > // Intermediate Joints
> > >
> > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > >
> > > Axis = x;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > >
> > > };
> > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > >
> > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > >
> > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via1
= …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > >
> > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > >
> > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > >
> > > RGB = …RGB;
> > >
> > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > >
> > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > >
> > > };
> > >
> > > };
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach the
> > origin of
> > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > >
> > > //Tendons
> > >
> > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> >
> …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> >
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > >
> > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > >
> > > };
> > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > constant (An
> > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
driven).

> > >
> > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > >
> > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > >
> > > DriverPos = {0};
> > >
> > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > >
> > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > >
> > > };
> > >
> > >
> > > Thanks for you help.
> > > **
> > > Prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > >
> > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
this.
> > > >
> > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > > > muscles.
> > > >
> > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
reality
> > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions
by
> > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
Here i
> > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this
way
> > you
> > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
middle
> > of
> > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > >
> > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
able to
> > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions
to
> > the
> > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > direction of
> > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero
but
> > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > >
> > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > >
> > > > Best regards
> > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > >
> > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > Saraswat”
> > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > digotorum
> > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > curious,
> > > > if there is
> > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
getting
> > > > results with
> > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
will be
> > > > better to
> > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > >
> > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
segment
> > > > and
> > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And,
is
> > > > there any
> > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > >
> > > > > thanks
> > > > >
> > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Thanks Soren,
But I am a little confused with your suggestion. How can I define
tendons as muscles. What will be the properties of those tendon “muscles”
then. Tendons are elastic and should I model them as ligaments?? OR there is
way to alter muscle properties to make them behave as elastic unit.

Motivation of this whole procedure was to have one muscle and 4 tendons

because physiological properties of muscle (say Extensor Digitorum
Longus) is known as a single unit. When I defined them as 4 different
muscles, I had 2 problems-

(i) Physiological Properties are not known for each muscle separately.
(ii) Most of the force was taken up by one of those 4 muscles.
But physiologically, all the tendons are connected to same muscle and should
be activated together.

Idea of this muscle with bifurcating tendons, was that when muscle is

activated, force should be transfered to four tendons. I hope, I am making
sense here.

Let me know of your thoughts about this.

thanks
prabhav.

On 8/30/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.
>
> Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step is to look
> into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver on the
> PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this you need to
> swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and the muscles
> should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on one side and
> tendon on the other side of this segment it will most likely not
> work. This is because the force in the tendons are determined by the
> kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force exactly,
> meaning that the muscles force will be effectively controlled by the
> way you drive this intermediate segment.
>
> The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles, in this way
> they can balance any load.
>
> Best regards
> Søren
>
> — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> Saraswat”
> <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> >
> > Thanks Soren,
> > It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> > AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw… function
> specific
> > for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make it
> appear on
> > the model view.
> >
> > thanks again.
> >
> > prabhav.
> >
> >
> > On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Prabhav
> > >
> > > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which is a
> > > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to have
> zero
> > > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on the
> > > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
> length
> > > zero.
> > >
> > > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess on
> the
> > > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do the
> > > folllowing
> > > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
> intermediate
> > > segment to the desired position
> > > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a reaslictic
> > > length
> > >
> > > Hope it solves the problem
> > >
> > > Best regards
> > > Søren
> > >
> > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > Saraswat”
> > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Soren,
> > > >
> > > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > > implement the
> > > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > > >
> > > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > > 1.052148E-001)
> > > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > > 0.105215. -
> > > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My Folder\Anybody
> > > Model\Foot
> > > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > > failed in time
> > > > step 0
> > > >
> > > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
> let me
> > > know,
> > > > what am I doing wrong.
> > > >
> > > > **
> > > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
> unit
> > > driving the
> > > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > > **
> > > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > > //for EDL
> > > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > > r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-0.2237},{-
> > > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > > };
> > > > };
> > > > //End of EDB
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on the
> > > foot and the
> > > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model in
> line
> > > with the
> > > > muscle.

> > > >
> > > >
> > > > // Intermediate Joints
> > > >
> > > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > > >
> > > > Axis = x;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > >
> > > > };
> > > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > > >
> > > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > > >
> > > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Via1
> = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > >
> > > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > > >
> > > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > > >
> > > > RGB = …RGB;
> > > >
> > > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > > >
> > > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > > >
> > > > };
> > > >
> > > > };
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach the
> > > origin of
> > > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > > >
> > > > //Tendons
> > > >
> > > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > >
> > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > >
> > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > >
> > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > >
> > > > };
> > > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > > constant (An
> > > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
> driven).

> > > >
> > > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > > >
> > > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > > >
> > > > DriverPos = {0};
> > > >
> > > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > > >
> > > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > > >
> > > > };
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Thanks for you help.
> > > > **
> > > > Prabhav.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > >
> > > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
> this.
> > > > >
> > > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for connecting the
> > > > > muscles.
> > > > >
> > > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
> reality
> > > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium positions
> by
> > > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
> Here i
> > > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in this
> way
> > > you
> > > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
> middle
> > > of
> > > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > > >
> > > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
> able to
> > > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional reactions
> to
> > > the
> > > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > > direction of
> > > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be zero
> but
> > > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > > >
> > > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > > >
> > > > > Best regards
> > > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > > >
> > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com
<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > > digotorum
> > > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > > curious,
> > > > > if there is
> > > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
> getting
> > > > > results with
> > > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
> will be
> > > > > better to
> > > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
> segment
> > > > > and
> > > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful. And,
> is
> > > > > there any
> > > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > > >
> > > > > > thanks
> > > > > >
> > > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Prabhav

Your absolute right in your description of the problem.

You can create tendons in AnyBody and you can give it elastic
properties as you like. The fundamental problem is that this new
segment that the tendon is connected to, is driven to a certain
position so it will not automatically find it owns force
equilibrium. It would have been nice if this segment could find the
position that would give equilibrium between the four tendon units
and the muscle unit, but this is not directly possible.

This was why i wrote that the force in the tendons will be
determined by the way this segment is driven, and then the muscle
will have to deliver a force that can match this.

The solution is to have a strong muscle units as the tendons. In
principle this could also be an AnyReacForce. This setup will ensure
that when the muscle is activated forces can be transferred to all
four tendons. The load case will determine the load distribution
among the individual tendons.

By the way you can use a AnyKinLinCombMeasure to drive the position
of the segment to alway keep the same realtive position wrt to the
length of the muscle.

I hope this made it more clear

Best regards
Søren, AnyBody Support

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
<prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
>
> Thanks Soren,
> But I am a little confused with your suggestion. How can I
define
> tendons as muscles. What will be the properties of those
tendon “muscles”
> then. Tendons are elastic and should I model them as ligaments??
OR there is
> way to alter muscle properties to make them behave as elastic unit.
>
> Motivation of this whole procedure was to have one muscle and 4
tendons
> because physiological properties of muscle (say Extensor Digitorum
> Longus) is known as a single unit. When I defined them as 4
different
> muscles, I had 2 problems-
>
> (i) Physiological Properties are not known for each muscle
separately.
> (ii) Most of the force was taken up by one of those 4 muscles.
> But physiologically, all the tendons are connected to same muscle
and should
> be activated together.
>
> Idea of this muscle with bifurcating tendons, was that when
muscle is
> activated, force should be transfered to four tendons. I hope, I
am making
> sense here.
>
> Let me know of your thoughts about this.
>
> thanks
> prabhav.
>
>
>
>
> On 8/30/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.
> >
> > Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step is to
look
> > into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver on the
> > PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this you
need to
> > swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and the
muscles
> > should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on one side
and
> > tendon on the other side of this segment it will most likely not
> > work. This is because the force in the tendons are determined by
the
> > kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force
exactly,
> > meaning that the muscles force will be effectively controlled by
the
> > way you drive this intermediate segment.
> >
> > The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles, in this
way
> > they can balance any load.
> >
> > Best regards
> > Søren
> >
> > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > Saraswat”
> > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Thanks Soren,
> > > It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> > > AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw…
function
> > specific
> > > for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make
it
> > appear on
> > > the model view.
> > >
> > > thanks again.
> > >
> > > prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > > On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > >
> > > > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which
is a
> > > > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to
have
> > zero
> > > > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on
the
> > > > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
> > length
> > > > zero.
> > > >
> > > > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess
on
> > the
> > > > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do
the
> > > > folllowing
> > > > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
> > intermediate
> > > > segment to the desired position
> > > > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > > > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > > > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a
reaslictic
> > > > length
> > > >
> > > > Hope it solves the problem
> > > >
> > > > Best regards
> > > > Søren
> > > >
> > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > Saraswat”
> > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Soren,
> > > > >
> > > > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > > > implement the
> > > > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > > > >
> > > > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > > > 1.052148E-001)
> > > > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > > > 0.105215. -
> > > > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My
Folder\Anybody
> > > > Model\Foot
> > > > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > > > failed in time
> > > > > step 0
> > > > >
> > > > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
> > let me
> > > > know,
> > > > > what am I doing wrong.
> > > > >
> > > > > **
> > > > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
> > unit
> > > > driving the
> > > > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > > > **
> > > > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > > > //for EDL
> > > > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > > > r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-
0.2237},{-
> > > > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > > > };
> > > > > };
> > > > > //End of EDB
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on
the
> > > > foot and the
> > > > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model
in
> > line
> > > > with the
> > > > > muscle.

> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > // Intermediate Joints
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > > > >
> > > > > Axis = x;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > >
> > > > > };
> > > > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Via1
> > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > > > >
> > > > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > > > >
> > > > > RGB = …RGB;
> > > > >
> > > > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > > > >
> > > > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > > > >
> > > > > };
> > > > >
> > > > > };
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach
the
> > > > origin of
> > > > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > > > >
> > > > > //Tendons
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > > >
> >
> …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > > >
> >
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > >
> > > > > };
> > > > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > > > constant (An
> > > > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
> > driven).

> > > > >
> > > > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > > > >
> > > > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > > > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > > > >
> > > > > DriverPos = {0};
> > > > >
> > > > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > > > >
> > > > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > > > >
> > > > > };
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > Thanks for you help.
> > > > > **
> > > > > Prabhav.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
> > this.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for
connecting the
> > > > > > muscles.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
> > reality
> > > > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium
positions
> > by
> > > > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
> > Here i
> > > > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in
this
> > way
> > > > you
> > > > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
> > middle
> > > > of
> > > > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
> > able to
> > > > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional
reactions
> > to
> > > > the
> > > > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > > > direction of
> > > > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be
zero
> > but
> > > > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > > > >
> > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > > > digotorum
> > > > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > > > curious,
> > > > > > if there is
> > > > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
> > getting
> > > > > > results with
> > > > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
> > will be
> > > > > > better to
> > > > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
> > segment
> > > > > > and
> > > > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful.
And,
> > is
> > > > > > there any
> > > > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > thanks
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>

Hi Soren,
I am trying to follow what you suggested. I am driving the muscle
intermediate segment with AnyKinMeasureLinComb with a ratio for
muscle/tendon length. I defined the tendons as muscle model.

   It can solve the inverse dynamics but those tendons are providing

force now. And these tendons forces dont add up to the total muscle force.
Which muscle properties do you suggest me to change so that the
tendons behave as elastic element?

thanks

prabhav.

On 9/3/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> Your absolute right in your description of the problem.
>
> You can create tendons in AnyBody and you can give it elastic
> properties as you like. The fundamental problem is that this new
> segment that the tendon is connected to, is driven to a certain
> position so it will not automatically find it owns force
> equilibrium. It would have been nice if this segment could find the
> position that would give equilibrium between the four tendon units
> and the muscle unit, but this is not directly possible.
>
> This was why i wrote that the force in the tendons will be
> determined by the way this segment is driven, and then the muscle
> will have to deliver a force that can match this.
>
> The solution is to have a strong muscle units as the tendons. In
> principle this could also be an AnyReacForce. This setup will ensure
> that when the muscle is activated forces can be transferred to all
> four tendons. The load case will determine the load distribution
> among the individual tendons.
>
> By the way you can use a AnyKinLinCombMeasure to drive the position
> of the segment to alway keep the same realtive position wrt to the
> length of the muscle.
>
> I hope this made it more clear
>
> Best regards
> Søren, AnyBody Support
>
> — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> Saraswat”
> <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> >
> > Thanks Soren,
> > But I am a little confused with your suggestion. How can I
> define
> > tendons as muscles. What will be the properties of those
> tendon “muscles”
> > then. Tendons are elastic and should I model them as ligaments??
> OR there is
> > way to alter muscle properties to make them behave as elastic unit.
> >
> > Motivation of this whole procedure was to have one muscle and 4
> tendons
> > because physiological properties of muscle (say Extensor Digitorum
> > Longus) is known as a single unit. When I defined them as 4
> different
> > muscles, I had 2 problems-
> >
> > (i) Physiological Properties are not known for each muscle
> separately.
> > (ii) Most of the force was taken up by one of those 4 muscles.
> > But physiologically, all the tendons are connected to same muscle
> and should
> > be activated together.
> >
> > Idea of this muscle with bifurcating tendons, was that when
> muscle is
> > activated, force should be transfered to four tendons. I hope, I
> am making
> > sense here.
> >
> > Let me know of your thoughts about this.
> >
> > thanks
> > prabhav.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > On 8/30/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Prabhav
> > >
> > > You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.
> > >
> > > Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step is to
> look
> > > into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver on the
> > > PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this you
> need to
> > > swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and the
> muscles
> > > should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on one side
> and
> > > tendon on the other side of this segment it will most likely not
> > > work. This is because the force in the tendons are determined by
> the
> > > kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force
> exactly,
> > > meaning that the muscles force will be effectively controlled by
> the
> > > way you drive this intermediate segment.
> > >
> > > The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles, in this
> way
> > > they can balance any load.
> > >
> > > Best regards
> > > Søren
> > >
> > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > Saraswat”
> > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Thanks Soren,
> > > > It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> > > > AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw…
> function
> > > specific
> > > > for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make
> it
> > > appear on
> > > > the model view.
> > > >
> > > > thanks again.
> > > >
> > > > prabhav.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > >
> > > > > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which
> is a
> > > > > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to
> have
> > > zero
> > > > > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on
> the
> > > > > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
> > > length
> > > > > zero.
> > > > >
> > > > > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess
> on
> > > the
> > > > > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do
> the
> > > > > folllowing
> > > > > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
> > > intermediate
> > > > > segment to the desired position
> > > > > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > > > > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > > > > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a
> reaslictic
> > > > > length
> > > > >
> > > > > Hope it solves the problem
> > > > >
> > > > > Best regards
> > > > > Søren
> > > > >
> > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com
<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Soren,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > > > > implement the
> > > > > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > > > > 1.052148E-001)
> > > > > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > > > > 0.105215. -
> > > > > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > > > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My
> Folder\Anybody
> > > > > Model\Foot
> > > > > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > > > > failed in time
> > > > > > step 0
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
> > > let me
> > > > > know,
> > > > > > what am I doing wrong.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > **
> > > > > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
> > > unit
> > > > > driving the
> > > > > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > > > > **
> > > > > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > > > > //for EDL
> > > > > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > > > > r0= {0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > > > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-
> 0.2237},{-
> > > > > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > > > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > > > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > > > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > > > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > > > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > > > > };
> > > > > > };
> > > > > > //End of EDB
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on
> the
> > > > > foot and the
> > > > > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model
> in
> > > line
> > > > > with the
> > > > > > muscle.

> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > // Intermediate Joints
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Axis = x;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > > >
> > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > };
> > > > > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via1
> > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > RGB = …RGB;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > };
> > > > > >
> > > > > > };
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach
> the
> > > > > origin of
> > > > > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > > > > >
> > > > > > //Tendons
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > > > >
> > >
> > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > > > >
> > >
> > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > >
> > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > };
> > > > > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > > > > constant (An
> > > > > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
> > > driven).

> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > > > > >
> > > > > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > > > > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > DriverPos = {0};
> > > > > >
> > > > > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > > > > >
> > > > > > };
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Thanks for you help.
> > > > > > **
> > > > > > Prabhav.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
> > > this.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for
> connecting the
> > > > > > > muscles.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
> > > reality
> > > > > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium
> positions
> > > by
> > > > > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
> > > Here i
> > > > > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in
> this
> > > way
> > > > > you
> > > > > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
> > > middle
> > > > > of
> > > > > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
> > > able to
> > > > > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional
> reactions
> > > to
> > > > > the
> > > > > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > > > > direction of
> > > > > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be
> zero
> > > but
> > > > > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com
<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > > > > digotorum
> > > > > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > > > > curious,
> > > > > > > if there is
> > > > > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
> > > getting
> > > > > > > results with
> > > > > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
> > > will be
> > > > > > > better to
> > > > > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
> > > segment
> > > > > > > and
> > > > > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful.
> And,
> > > is
> > > > > > > there any
> > > > > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > thanks
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> >
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi,
I have a question about calibration study. I am using same drivers for
calibration and kinematic analysis. Problem is that the calibration analysis
runs only first few steps of drivers.

 I have 50 time steps in the driver files and the graphics seems to work

fine in kinematic or inverse dynamic analysis. But when I run the
calibration analaysis, it runs for first few steps only in the graphics
window, but in the operation window, it seem to be going through all 50
steps.

 It seems to me that driver move slower in calibratinon study. Is it just

the issue with graphics, its not able to catch up with calibration analysis?

OR I need to define calibration drivers differently?

I hope, I am able to explain my problem here, I will upload the model if it
doesnt make sense.

Prabhav.

On 9/10/07, Prabhav Saraswat <prabhav.saraswat@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Soren,
> I am trying to follow what you suggested. I am driving the muscle
> intermediate segment with AnyKinMeasureLinComb with a ratio for
> muscle/tendon length. I defined the tendons as muscle model.
>
> It can solve the inverse dynamics but those tendons are providing
> force now. And these tendons forces dont add up to the total muscle force.
> Which muscle properties do you suggest me to change so that the
> tendons behave as elastic element?
>
> thanks
>
> prabhav.
>
>
> On 9/3/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > Your absolute right in your description of the problem.
> >
> > You can create tendons in AnyBody and you can give it elastic
> > properties as you like. The fundamental problem is that this new
> > segment that the tendon is connected to, is driven to a certain
> > position so it will not automatically find it owns force
> > equilibrium. It would have been nice if this segment could find the
> > position that would give equilibrium between the four tendon units
> > and the muscle unit, but this is not directly possible.
> >
> > This was why i wrote that the force in the tendons will be
> > determined by the way this segment is driven, and then the muscle
> > will have to deliver a force that can match this.
> >
> > The solution is to have a strong muscle units as the tendons. In
> > principle this could also be an AnyReacForce. This setup will ensure
> > that when the muscle is activated forces can be transferred to all
> > four tendons. The load case will determine the load distribution
> > among the individual tendons.
> >
> > By the way you can use a AnyKinLinCombMeasure to drive the position
> > of the segment to alway keep the same realtive position wrt to the
> > length of the muscle.
> >
> > I hope this made it more clear
> >
> > Best regards
> > Søren, AnyBody Support
> >
> > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > Saraswat”
> > <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> > >
> > > Thanks Soren,
> > > But I am a little confused with your suggestion. How can I
> > define
> > > tendons as muscles. What will be the properties of those
> > tendon “muscles”
> > > then. Tendons are elastic and should I model them as ligaments??
> > OR there is
> > > way to alter muscle properties to make them behave as elastic unit.
> > >
> > > Motivation of this whole procedure was to have one muscle and 4
> > tendons
> > > because physiological properties of muscle (say Extensor Digitorum
> > > Longus) is known as a single unit. When I defined them as 4
> > different
> > > muscles, I had 2 problems-
> > >
> > > (i) Physiological Properties are not known for each muscle
> > separately.
> > > (ii) Most of the force was taken up by one of those 4 muscles.
> > > But physiologically, all the tendons are connected to same muscle
> > and should
> > > be activated together.
> > >
> > > Idea of this muscle with bifurcating tendons, was that when
> > muscle is
> > > activated, force should be transfered to four tendons. I hope, I
> > am making
> > > sense here.
> > >
> > > Let me know of your thoughts about this.
> > >
> > > thanks
> > > prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > On 8/30/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > >
> > > > You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.
> > > >
> > > > Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step is to
> > look
> > > > into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver on the
> > > > PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this you
> > need to
> > > > swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and the
> > muscles
> > > > should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on one side
> > and
> > > > tendon on the other side of this segment it will most likely not
> > > > work. This is because the force in the tendons are determined by
> > the
> > > > kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force
> > exactly,
> > > > meaning that the muscles force will be effectively controlled by
> > the
> > > > way you drive this intermediate segment.
> > > >
> > > > The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles, in this
> > way
> > > > they can balance any load.
> > > >
> > > > Best regards
> > > > Søren
> > > >
> > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com
<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > Saraswat”
> > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Thanks Soren,
> > > > > It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> > > > > AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw…
> > function
> > > > specific
> > > > > for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make
> > it
> > > > appear on
> > > > > the model view.
> > > > >
> > > > > thanks again.
> > > > >
> > > > > prabhav.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which
> > is a
> > > > > > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to
> > have
> > > > zero
> > > > > > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on
> > the
> > > > > > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
> > > > length
> > > > > > zero.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess
> > on
> > > > the
> > > > > > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do
> > the
> > > > > > folllowing
> > > > > > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
> > > > intermediate
> > > > > > segment to the desired position
> > > > > > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > > > > > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > > > > > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a
> > reaslictic
> > > > > > length
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hope it solves the problem
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > Søren
> > > > > >
> > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogroups.com
<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hi Soren,
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > > > > > implement the
> > > > > > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > > > > > 1.052148E-001)
> > > > > > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > > > > > 0.105215. -
> > > > > > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > > > > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My
> > Folder\Anybody
> > > > > > Model\Foot
> > > > > > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > > > > > failed in time
> > > > > > > step 0
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
> > > > let me
> > > > > > know,
> > > > > > > what am I doing wrong.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
> > > > unit
> > > > > > driving the
> > > > > > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > > > > > //for EDL
> > > > > > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > > > > > r0= { 0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > > > > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-
> > 0.2237},{-
> > > > > > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > > > > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > > > > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > > > > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > > > > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > //End of EDB
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on
> > the
> > > > > > foot and the
> > > > > > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model
> > in
> > > > line
> > > > > > with the
> > > > > > > muscle.

> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > // Intermediate Joints
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Axis = x;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > > > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via1
> > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > RGB = …RGB;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach
> > the
> > > > > > origin of
> > > > > > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > //Tendons
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > > > > >
> > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > > > > >
> > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > constant (An
> > > > > > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
> > > > driven).

> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > > > > > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > DriverPos = {0};
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Thanks for you help.
> > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > Prabhav.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
> > > > this.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for
> > connecting the
> > > > > > > > muscles.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
> > > > reality
> > > > > > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium
> > positions
> > > > by
> > > > > > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
> > > > Here i
> > > > > > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in
> > this
> > > > way
> > > > > > you
> > > > > > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
> > > > middle
> > > > > > of
> > > > > > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
> > > > able to
> > > > > > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional
> > reactions
> > > > to
> > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > > > > > direction of
> > > > > > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be
> > zero
> > > > but
> > > > > > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > — In
anyscript@yahoogroups.com<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > > > > > digotorum
> > > > > > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > > > > > curious,
> > > > > > > > if there is
> > > > > > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
> > > > getting
> > > > > > > > results with
> > > > > > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
> > > > will be
> > > > > > > > better to
> > > > > > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
> > > > segment
> > > > > > > > and
> > > > > > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful.
> > And,
> > > > is
> > > > > > > > there any
> > > > > > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > thanks
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Prabhav

Sometimes the calibration runs faster when the modelview is switched of, I
think this is related to the graphical display of the muscles.

I think your problem could be related to that the modelview can not cope
with the analysis speed, but I am not sure.

Please try to check the output from the calibration and see if the position
variation of your joints is as expected. If these are ok, the issue is
related to the graphics only.

By the way why do you calibrate through a cycle of 50 steps, and not just
one position for example in the middle of your motion range so nstep=1?.

Best regards

Søren


From: anyscript@yahoogroups.com [mailto:anyscript@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf
Of Prabhav Saraswat
Sent: 11 December 2007 21:25
To: anyscript@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [AnyScript] Re: Muscle with multiple tendons

Hi,
I have a question about calibration study. I am using same drivers for
calibration and kinematic analysis. Problem is that the calibration analysis
runs only first few steps of drivers.

I have 50 time steps in the driver files and the graphics seems to work
fine in kinematic or inverse dynamic analysis. But when I run the
calibration analaysis, it runs for first few steps only in the graphics
window, but in the operation window, it seem to be going through all 50
steps.

It seems to me that driver move slower in calibratinon study. Is it just
the issue with graphics, its not able to catch up with calibration analysis?

OR I need to define calibration drivers differently?

I hope, I am able to explain my problem here, I will upload the model if it
doesnt make sense.

Prabhav.

On 9/10/07, Prabhav Saraswat <prabhav.saraswat@
<mailto:prabhav.saraswat%40gmail.com> gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Soren,
> I am trying to follow what you suggested. I am driving the muscle
> intermediate segment with AnyKinMeasureLinComb with a ratio for
> muscle/tendon length. I defined the tendons as muscle model.
>
> It can solve the inverse dynamics but those tendons are providing
> force now. And these tendons forces dont add up to the total muscle force.
> Which muscle properties do you suggest me to change so that the
> tendons behave as elastic element?
>
> thanks
>
> prabhav.
>
>
> On 9/3/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech
<mailto:support%40anybodytech.com> .com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > Your absolute right in your description of the problem.
> >
> > You can create tendons in AnyBody and you can give it elastic
> > properties as you like. The fundamental problem is that this new
> > segment that the tendon is connected to, is driven to a certain
> > position so it will not automatically find it owns force
> > equilibrium. It would have been nice if this segment could find the
> > position that would give equilibrium between the four tendon units
> > and the muscle unit, but this is not directly possible.
> >
> > This was why i wrote that the force in the tendons will be
> > determined by the way this segment is driven, and then the muscle
> > will have to deliver a force that can match this.
> >
> > The solution is to have a strong muscle units as the tendons. In
> > principle this could also be an AnyReacForce. This setup will ensure
> > that when the muscle is activated forces can be transferred to all
> > four tendons. The load case will determine the load distribution
> > among the individual tendons.
> >
> > By the way you can use a AnyKinLinCombMeasure to drive the position
> > of the segment to alway keep the same realtive position wrt to the
> > length of the muscle.
> >
> > I hope this made it more clear
> >
> > Best regards
> > Søren, AnyBody Support
> >
> > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com> ps.com
<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > Saraswat”
> > <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> > >
> > > Thanks Soren,
> > > But I am a little confused with your suggestion. How can I
> > define
> > > tendons as muscles. What will be the properties of those
> > tendon “muscles”
> > > then. Tendons are elastic and should I model them as ligaments??
> > OR there is
> > > way to alter muscle properties to make them behave as elastic unit.
> > >
> > > Motivation of this whole procedure was to have one muscle and 4
> > tendons
> > > because physiological properties of muscle (say Extensor Digitorum
> > > Longus) is known as a single unit. When I defined them as 4
> > different
> > > muscles, I had 2 problems-
> > >
> > > (i) Physiological Properties are not known for each muscle
> > separately.
> > > (ii) Most of the force was taken up by one of those 4 muscles.
> > > But physiologically, all the tendons are connected to same muscle
> > and should
> > > be activated together.
> > >
> > > Idea of this muscle with bifurcating tendons, was that when
> > muscle is
> > > activated, force should be transfered to four tendons. I hope, I
> > am making
> > > sense here.
> > >
> > > Let me know of your thoughts about this.
> > >
> > > thanks
> > > prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > On 8/30/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > >
> > > > You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.
> > > >
> > > > Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step is to
> > look
> > > > into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver on the
> > > > PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this you
> > need to
> > > > swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and the
> > muscles
> > > > should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on one side
> > and
> > > > tendon on the other side of this segment it will most likely not
> > > > work. This is because the force in the tendons are determined by
> > the
> > > > kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force
> > exactly,
> > > > meaning that the muscles force will be effectively controlled by
> > the
> > > > way you drive this intermediate segment.
> > > >
> > > > The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles, in this
> > way
> > > > they can balance any load.
> > > >
> > > > Best regards
> > > > Søren
> > > >
> > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
ps.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > Saraswat”
> > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Thanks Soren,
> > > > > It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> > > > > AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw…
> > function
> > > > specific
> > > > > for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make
> > it
> > > > appear on
> > > > > the model view.
> > > > >
> > > > > thanks again.
> > > > >
> > > > > prabhav.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which
> > is a
> > > > > > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to
> > have
> > > > zero
> > > > > > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on
> > the
> > > > > > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
> > > > length
> > > > > > zero.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess
> > on
> > > > the
> > > > > > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do
> > the
> > > > > > folllowing
> > > > > > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
> > > > intermediate
> > > > > > segment to the desired position
> > > > > > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > > > > > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > > > > > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a
> > reaslictic
> > > > > > length
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hope it solves the problem
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > Søren
> > > > > >
> > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
ps.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hi Soren,
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > > > > > implement the
> > > > > > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > > > > > 1.052148E-001)
> > > > > > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > > > > > 0.105215. -
> > > > > > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > > > > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My
> > Folder\Anybody
> > > > > > Model\Foot
> > > > > > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > > > > > failed in time
> > > > > > > step 0
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
> > > > let me
> > > > > > know,
> > > > > > > what am I doing wrong.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
> > > > unit
> > > > > > driving the
> > > > > > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > > > > > //for EDL
> > > > > > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > > > > > r0= { 0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > > > > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-
> > 0.2237},{-
> > > > > > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > > > > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > > > > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > > > > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > > > > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > //End of EDB
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on
> > the
> > > > > > foot and the
> > > > > > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model
> > in
> > > > line
> > > > > > with the
> > > > > > > muscle.

> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > // Intermediate Joints
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Axis = x;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > > > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via1
> > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > RGB = …RGB;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach
> > the
> > > > > > origin of
> > > > > > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > //Tendons
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > > > > >
> > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > > > > >
> > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > >
> > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > constant (An
> > > > > > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
> > > > driven).

> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > > > > > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > DriverPos = {0};
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > };
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Thanks for you help.
> > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > Prabhav.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
> > > > this.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for
> > connecting the
> > > > > > > > muscles.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
> > > > reality
> > > > > > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium
> > positions
> > > > by
> > > > > > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
> > > > Here i
> > > > > > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in
> > this
> > > > way
> > > > > > you
> > > > > > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
> > > > middle
> > > > > > of
> > > > > > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
> > > > able to
> > > > > > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional
> > reactions
> > > > to
> > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > > > > > direction of
> > > > > > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be
> > zero
> > > > but
> > > > > > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou
<mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
ps.com<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > > > > > digotorum
> > > > > > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > > > > > curious,
> > > > > > > > if there is
> > > > > > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
> > > > getting
> > > > > > > > results with
> > > > > > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
> > > > will be
> > > > > > > > better to
> > > > > > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
> > > > segment
> > > > > > > > and
> > > > > > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful.
> > And,
> > > > is
> > > > > > > > there any
> > > > > > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > thanks
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hi Soren,
I checked the joint output from calibration analysis and its not going
through the whole motion. So it is moving slow in calibration study. What do
you suggest I should do in this case?

About using 50 steps, my understanding is that-- To calibrate tendon

length, I need to move the joints through its range of motion. That i why I
was using 50 steps in driver to cover the complete range of motion of (say
knee joint). Please correct me, if I am wrong. Do I just need to give one
joint position to calibrate tendon length?

thanks

prabhav.

On 12/12/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Prabhav
>
> Sometimes the calibration runs faster when the modelview is switched of, I
> think this is related to the graphical display of the muscles.
>
> I think your problem could be related to that the modelview can not cope
> with the analysis speed, but I am not sure.
>
> Please try to check the output from the calibration and see if the
> position
> variation of your joints is as expected. If these are ok, the issue is
> related to the graphics only.
>
> By the way why do you calibrate through a cycle of 50 steps, and not just
> one position for example in the middle of your motion range so nstep=1?.
>
> Best regards
>
> Søren
>
> _____
>
> From: anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com> [mailto:
> anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>] On Behalf
> Of Prabhav Saraswat
> Sent: 11 December 2007 21:25
> To: anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
> Subject: Re: [AnyScript] Re: Muscle with multiple tendons
>
> Hi,
> I have a question about calibration study. I am using same drivers for
> calibration and kinematic analysis. Problem is that the calibration
> analysis
> runs only first few steps of drivers.
>
> I have 50 time steps in the driver files and the graphics seems to work
> fine in kinematic or inverse dynamic analysis. But when I run the
> calibration analaysis, it runs for first few steps only in the graphics
> window, but in the operation window, it seem to be going through all 50
> steps.
>
> It seems to me that driver move slower in calibratinon study. Is it just
> the issue with graphics, its not able to catch up with calibration
> analysis?
>
> OR I need to define calibration drivers differently?
>
> I hope, I am able to explain my problem here, I will upload the model if
> it
> doesnt make sense.
>
> Prabhav.
>
> On 9/10/07, Prabhav Saraswat <prabhav.saraswat@
> <mailto:prabhav.saraswat%40gmail.com> gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Soren,
> > I am trying to follow what you suggested. I am driving the muscle
> > intermediate segment with AnyKinMeasureLinComb with a ratio for
> > muscle/tendon length. I defined the tendons as muscle model.
> >
> > It can solve the inverse dynamics but those tendons are providing
> > force now. And these tendons forces dont add up to the total muscle
> force.
> > Which muscle properties do you suggest me to change so that the
> > tendons behave as elastic element?
> >
> > thanks
> >
> > prabhav.
> >
> >
> > On 9/3/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech
> <mailto:support%40anybodytech.com> .com> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Prabhav
> > >
> > > Your absolute right in your description of the problem.
> > >
> > > You can create tendons in AnyBody and you can give it elastic
> > > properties as you like. The fundamental problem is that this new
> > > segment that the tendon is connected to, is driven to a certain
> > > position so it will not automatically find it owns force
> > > equilibrium. It would have been nice if this segment could find the
> > > position that would give equilibrium between the four tendon units
> > > and the muscle unit, but this is not directly possible.
> > >
> > > This was why i wrote that the force in the tendons will be
> > > determined by the way this segment is driven, and then the muscle
> > > will have to deliver a force that can match this.
> > >
> > > The solution is to have a strong muscle units as the tendons. In
> > > principle this could also be an AnyReacForce. This setup will ensure
> > > that when the muscle is activated forces can be transferred to all
> > > four tendons. The load case will determine the load distribution
> > > among the individual tendons.
> > >
> > > By the way you can use a AnyKinLinCombMeasure to drive the position
> > > of the segment to alway keep the same realtive position wrt to the
> > > length of the muscle.
> > >
> > > I hope this made it more clear
> > >
> > > Best regards
> > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > >
> > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com> ps.com
> <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > Saraswat”
> > > <prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Thanks Soren,
> > > > But I am a little confused with your suggestion. How can I
> > > define
> > > > tendons as muscles. What will be the properties of those
> > > tendon “muscles”
> > > > then. Tendons are elastic and should I model them as ligaments??
> > > OR there is
> > > > way to alter muscle properties to make them behave as elastic unit.
> > > >
> > > > Motivation of this whole procedure was to have one muscle and 4
> > > tendons
> > > > because physiological properties of muscle (say Extensor Digitorum
> > > > Longus) is known as a single unit. When I defined them as 4
> > > different
> > > > muscles, I had 2 problems-
> > > >
> > > > (i) Physiological Properties are not known for each muscle
> > > separately.
> > > > (ii) Most of the force was taken up by one of those 4 muscles.
> > > > But physiologically, all the tendons are connected to same muscle
> > > and should
> > > > be activated together.
> > > >
> > > > Idea of this muscle with bifurcating tendons, was that when
> > > muscle is
> > > > activated, force should be transfered to four tendons. I hope, I
> > > am making
> > > > sense here.
> > > >
> > > > Let me know of your thoughts about this.
> > > >
> > > > thanks
> > > > prabhav.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On 8/30/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > >
> > > > > You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.
> > > > >
> > > > > Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step is to
> > > look
> > > > > into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver on the
> > > > > PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this you
> > > need to
> > > > > swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and the
> > > muscles
> > > > > should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on one side
> > > and
> > > > > tendon on the other side of this segment it will most likely not
> > > > > work. This is because the force in the tendons are determined by
> > > the
> > > > > kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force
> > > exactly,
> > > > > meaning that the muscles force will be effectively controlled by
> > > the
> > > > > way you drive this intermediate segment.
> > > > >
> > > > > The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles, in this
> > > way
> > > > > they can balance any load.
> > > > >
> > > > > Best regards
> > > > > Søren
> > > > >
> > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
> ps.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Thanks Soren,
> > > > > > It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> > > > > > AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any AnyDraw…
> > > function
> > > > > specific
> > > > > > for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use to make
> > > it
> > > > > appear on
> > > > > > the model view.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > thanks again.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > prabhav.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2 which
> > > is a
> > > > > > > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot segment to
> > > have
> > > > > zero
> > > > > > > length. This is not possible because it has several nodes on
> > > the
> > > > > > > same segment which it would need to collaps to make the EDL2
> > > > > length
> > > > > > > zero.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a good guess
> > > on
> > > > > the
> > > > > > > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you could do
> > > the
> > > > > > > folllowing
> > > > > > > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive the
> > > > > intermediate
> > > > > > > segment to the desired position
> > > > > > > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > > > > > > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > > > > > > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a
> > > reaslictic
> > > > > > > length
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Hope it solves the problem
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > Søren
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
>
> ps.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hi Soren,
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > > > > > > implement the
> > > > > > > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this error-
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin. error =
> > > > > > > 1.052148E-001)
> > > > > > > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001, error =
> > > > > > > 0.105215. -
> > > > > > > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > > > > > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My
> > > Folder\Anybody
> > > > > > > Model\Foot
> > > > > > > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic analysis
> > > > > > > failed in time
> > > > > > > > step 0
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > I am probably doing something wrong with the driver. Please
> > > > > let me
> > > > > > > know,
> > > > > > > > what am I doing wrong.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of the muscle
> > > > > unit
> > > > > > > driving the
> > > > > > > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be small. *
> > > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > > > > > > //for EDL
> > > > > > > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > > > > > > r0= { 0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > > > > > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-
> > > 0.2237},{-
> > > > > > > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > > > > > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > > > > > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > > > > > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > > > > > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB={0,1,0};};
> > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > //End of EDB
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close element on
> > > the
> > > > > > > foot and the
> > > > > > > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment to model
> > > in
> > > > > line
> > > > > > > with the
> > > > > > > > muscle.

> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > // Intermediate Joints
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Axis = x;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > > > > >
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl = …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > > > > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via1
> > > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > RGB = …RGB;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and attach
> > > the
> > > > > > > origin of
> > > > > > > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > //Tendons
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > > > > > > …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > > >
> > > > …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > constant (An
> > > > > > > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it can be
> > > > > driven).

> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > > > > > > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > DriverPos = {0};
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Thanks for you help.
> > > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > > Prabhav.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > The solution you describe is currently the only way to do
> > > > > this.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for
> > > connecting the
> > > > > > > > > muscles.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > This poses the question on how to drive this segment, in
> > > > > reality
> > > > > > > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium
> > > positions
> > > > > by
> > > > > > > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi manually.
> > > > > Here i
> > > > > > > > > would recommend using linear combination measures, in
> > > this
> > > > > way
> > > > > > > you
> > > > > > > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly in the
> > > > > middle
> > > > > > > of
> > > > > > > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles may be
> > > > > able to
> > > > > > > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional
> > > reactions
> > > > > to
> > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the normal
> > > > > > > direction of
> > > > > > > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which should be
> > > zero
> > > > > but
> > > > > > > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou
> <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
> ps.com<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > > > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been modeling
> > > > > > > > > digotorum
> > > > > > > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different muscles. I am
> > > > > > > curious,
> > > > > > > > > if there is
> > > > > > > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons. I am
> > > > > getting
> > > > > > > > > results with
> > > > > > > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the force. It
> > > > > will be
> > > > > > > > > better to
> > > > > > > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an intermediate
> > > > > segment
> > > > > > > > > and
> > > > > > > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be helpful.
> > > And,
> > > > > is
> > > > > > > > > there any
> > > > > > > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > thanks
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

Hello Prabhav,

Have you studied the calibration tutorial here:
http://www.anybodytech.com/690.0.html

Best regards,
John

— In anyscript@yahoogroups.com, “Prabhav Saraswat”
<prabhav.saraswat@…> wrote:
>
> Hi Soren,
> I checked the joint output from calibration analysis and its
not going
> through the whole motion. So it is moving slow in calibration
study. What do
> you suggest I should do in this case?
>
> About using 50 steps, my understanding is that-- To calibrate
tendon
> length, I need to move the joints through its range of motion. That
i why I
> was using 50 steps in driver to cover the complete range of motion
of (say
> knee joint). Please correct me, if I am wrong. Do I just need to
give one
> joint position to calibrate tendon length?
>
> thanks
>
> prabhav.
>
>
>
> On 12/12/07, AnyBody Support <support@…> wrote:
> >
> > Hi Prabhav
> >
> > Sometimes the calibration runs faster when the modelview is
switched of, I
> > think this is related to the graphical display of the muscles.
> >
> > I think your problem could be related to that the modelview can
not cope
> > with the analysis speed, but I am not sure.
> >
> > Please try to check the output from the calibration and see if the
> > position
> > variation of your joints is as expected. If these are ok, the
issue is
> > related to the graphics only.
> >
> > By the way why do you calibrate through a cycle of 50 steps, and
not just
> > one position for example in the middle of your motion range so
nstep=1?.
> >
> > Best regards
> >
> > Søren
> >
> > _____
> >
> > From: anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
[mailto:
> > anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>] On Behalf
> > Of Prabhav Saraswat
> > Sent: 11 December 2007 21:25
> > To: anyscript@yahoogroups.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
> > Subject: Re: [AnyScript] Re: Muscle with multiple tendons
> >
> > Hi,
> > I have a question about calibration study. I am using same
drivers for
> > calibration and kinematic analysis. Problem is that the
calibration
> > analysis
> > runs only first few steps of drivers.
> >
> > I have 50 time steps in the driver files and the graphics seems
to work
> > fine in kinematic or inverse dynamic analysis. But when I run the
> > calibration analaysis, it runs for first few steps only in the
graphics
> > window, but in the operation window, it seem to be going through
all 50
> > steps.
> >
> > It seems to me that driver move slower in calibratinon study. Is
it just
> > the issue with graphics, its not able to catch up with calibration
> > analysis?
> >
> > OR I need to define calibration drivers differently?
> >
> > I hope, I am able to explain my problem here, I will upload the
model if
> > it
> > doesnt make sense.
> >
> > Prabhav.
> >
> > On 9/10/07, Prabhav Saraswat <prabhav.saraswat@
> > <mailto:prabhav.saraswat%40gmail.com> gmail.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi Soren,
> > > I am trying to follow what you suggested. I am driving the
muscle
> > > intermediate segment with AnyKinMeasureLinComb with a ratio for
> > > muscle/tendon length. I defined the tendons as muscle model.
> > >
> > > It can solve the inverse dynamics but those tendons are
providing
> > > force now. And these tendons forces dont add up to the total
muscle
> > force.
> > > Which muscle properties do you suggest me to change so that the
> > > tendons behave as elastic element?
> > >
> > > thanks
> > >
> > > prabhav.
> > >
> > >
> > > On 9/3/07, AnyBody Support <support@anybodytech
> > <mailto:support%40anybodytech.com> .com> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > >
> > > > Your absolute right in your description of the problem.
> > > >
> > > > You can create tendons in AnyBody and you can give it elastic
> > > > properties as you like. The fundamental problem is that this
new
> > > > segment that the tendon is connected to, is driven to a
certain
> > > > position so it will not automatically find it owns force
> > > > equilibrium. It would have been nice if this segment could
find the
> > > > position that would give equilibrium between the four tendon
units
> > > > and the muscle unit, but this is not directly possible.
> > > >
> > > > This was why i wrote that the force in the tendons will be
> > > > determined by the way this segment is driven, and then the
muscle
> > > > will have to deliver a force that can match this.
> > > >
> > > > The solution is to have a strong muscle units as the tendons.
In
> > > > principle this could also be an AnyReacForce. This setup will
ensure
> > > > that when the muscle is activated forces can be transferred
to all
> > > > four tendons. The load case will determine the load
distribution
> > > > among the individual tendons.
> > > >
> > > > By the way you can use a AnyKinLinCombMeasure to drive the
position
> > > > of the segment to alway keep the same realtive position wrt
to the
> > > > length of the muscle.
> > > >
> > > > I hope this made it more clear
> > > >
> > > > Best regards
> > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > >
> > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com> ps.com
> > <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > Saraswat”
> > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Thanks Soren,
> > > > > But I am a little confused with your suggestion. How can I
> > > > define
> > > > > tendons as muscles. What will be the properties of those
> > > > tendon “muscles”
> > > > > then. Tendons are elastic and should I model them as
ligaments??
> > > > OR there is
> > > > > way to alter muscle properties to make them behave as
elastic unit.
> > > > >
> > > > > Motivation of this whole procedure was to have one muscle
and 4
> > > > tendons
> > > > > because physiological properties of muscle (say Extensor
Digitorum
> > > > > Longus) is known as a single unit. When I defined them as 4
> > > > different
> > > > > muscles, I had 2 problems-
> > > > >
> > > > > (i) Physiological Properties are not known for each muscle
> > > > separately.
> > > > > (ii) Most of the force was taken up by one of those 4
muscles.
> > > > > But physiologically, all the tendons are connected to same
muscle
> > > > and should
> > > > > be activated together.
> > > > >
> > > > > Idea of this muscle with bifurcating tendons, was that when
> > > > muscle is
> > > > > activated, force should be transfered to four tendons. I
hope, I
> > > > am making
> > > > > sense here.
> > > > >
> > > > > Let me know of your thoughts about this.
> > > > >
> > > > > thanks
> > > > > prabhav.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On 8/30/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > >
> > > > > > You can use the AnyDrawPLine for visualizing the line.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Now that you have the kinematics running, the next step
is to
> > > > look
> > > > > > into the force balance. As i recall the model the driver
on the
> > > > > > PLine will carry the load in the tendon. To prevent this
you
> > > > need to
> > > > > > swicth off the reactions in this driver. The tendon and
the
> > > > muscles
> > > > > > should then carry the load, but if you have muscles on
one side
> > > > and
> > > > > > tendon on the other side of this segment it will most
likely not
> > > > > > work. This is because the force in the tendons are
determined by
> > > > the
> > > > > > kinematics so the muscles will have to balance this force
> > > > exactly,
> > > > > > meaning that the muscles force will be effectively
controlled by
> > > > the
> > > > > > way you drive this intermediate segment.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The soltuion i to replace the tendon with real muscles,
in this
> > > > way
> > > > > > they can balance any load.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > Søren
> > > > > >
> > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com>
> > ps.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > Thanks Soren,
> > > > > > > It works !!! One more question, I can’t make these
> > > > > > > AnyKinPLine to show in model view. Is there any
AnyDraw…
> > > > function
> > > > > > specific
> > > > > > > for AnyKinPLine. If not, what other function can I use
to make
> > > > it
> > > > > > appear on
> > > > > > > the model view.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > thanks again.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > prabhav.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On 8/28/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > I think the problem is that you try to drive the EDL2
which
> > > > is a
> > > > > > > > AnyKinPLine with multiple nodes on the midfoot
segment to
> > > > have
> > > > > > zero
> > > > > > > > length. This is not possible because it has several
nodes on
> > > > the
> > > > > > > > same segment which it would need to collaps to make
the EDL2
> > > > > > length
> > > > > > > > zero.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Otherwise i think the model looks ok. To obtain a
good guess
> > > > on
> > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > what you should drive the lenght os EDL2 to be, you
could do
> > > > the
> > > > > > > > folllowing
> > > > > > > > 1. create a driver for the primatic joint and drive
the
> > > > > > intermediate
> > > > > > > > segment to the desired position
> > > > > > > > 2. then read out the pos value of the EDL2 measure
> > > > > > > > 3. remove the driver on the prismatic joint
> > > > > > > > 4 use the driver you have already on EDL2 and insert a
> > > > reaslictic
> > > > > > > > length
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hope it solves the problem
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > > Søren
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou <mailto:anyscript%
40yahoogroups.com>
> >
> > ps.com <anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Hi Soren,
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > I have shown the steps below that I am following to
> > > > > > > > implement the
> > > > > > > > > multiple tendons on same muscle. I am getting this
error-
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Failed to resolve kinematic constraints (final kin.
error =
> > > > > > > > 1.052148E-001)
> > > > > > > > > Constraint no. 59 above error tolerance 0.000001,
error =
> > > > > > > > 0.105215. -
> > > > > > > > > constr. #0 in ‘Main.GaitDrivers.EDLDriver’
> > > > > > > > > ERROR(OBJ.MCH.KIN3) : G:\Research\Foot Model\My
> > > > Folder\Anybody
> > > > > > > > Model\Foot
> > > > > > > > > Model\FootModel.any(49) : ‘MyStudy’ : Kinematic
analysis
> > > > > > > > failed in time
> > > > > > > > > step 0
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > I am probably doing something wrong with the
driver. Please
> > > > > > let me
> > > > > > > > know,
> > > > > > > > > what am I doing wrong.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > > > *1. Create an intermediate segment at the end of
the muscle
> > > > > > unit
> > > > > > > > driving the
> > > > > > > > > four tendons. It should have zero mass and be
small. *
> > > > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > > > // Intermediate Segments
> > > > > > > > > //for EDL
> > > > > > > > > AnySeg LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms = {
> > > > > > > > > r0= { 0.1156,0.0815,-0.4957};
> > > > > > > > > //Axes0= {{-0.0540,0.9964,0.0656},{-0.9739,-0.0380,-
> > > > 0.2237},{-
> > > > > > > > 0.2204,-0.0760
> > > > > > > > > ,0.9724}}; Mass = 0;
> > > > > > > > > Jii = {0,0,0};
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode node = {
> > > > > > > > > sRel ={0,0,0};
> > > > > > > > > AnyDrawNode drw={ScaleXYZ={0.02,.02,.02}; RGB=
{0,1,0};};
> > > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > > //End of EDB
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > 2. Create a prismatic joint between some close
element on
> > > > the
> > > > > > > > foot and the
> > > > > > > > > intermediate segment that only allows the segment
to model
> > > > in
> > > > > > line
> > > > > > > > with the
> > > > > > > > > muscle.

> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > // Intermediate Joints
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyPrismaticJoint EDLJoint = {
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Axis = x;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &HindFootNode =
> > > > > > > >
> > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.HindFoot.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &IntSegNode =
> > > > > > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > > *3. Attach the muscle to the intermediate segment. *
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyViaPointMuscle EDL = {
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyMuscleModel &MusMdl
= …FootMuscleParameters3E.EDL2Par;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org
> > > > > > > >
= …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.AnteriorProximalInterosseus;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via1
> > > > > > = …FootSegmentsRight.Shank.LateralRetinaculum;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyDrawMuscle DrwMus = {
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Bulging = …Bulge;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > RGB = …RGB;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Transparency = …Trans;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > MaxStress = …MaxS;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > 4. Replace the four tendons with AnyKinPLine’s and
attach
> > > > the
> > > > > > > > origin of
> > > > > > > > > them to the intermediate segment.

> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > //Tendons
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyKinPLine EDL2 = {
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Org =
> > > > > > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.LateralSuperiorSurface2Cuneiforms.node;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via3 =
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.PosteriorMedialSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via4 =
> > > > > > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.MidFoot.AnteriorSuperiorTuberosityMT2;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Via5 =
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.ProximalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyRefNode &Ins =
> > > > > > > >
> > > >
> …FootSegmentsRight.Toes.DistalPosteriorSuperiorTuberosityToe2;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > > 5. Create drivers that keep the length of each
AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > > constant (An
> > > > > > > > > AnyKinPLine is a kinematic measure, and hence it
can be
> > > > > > driven).

> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyKinEqSimpleDriver EDL2Driver = {
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > AnyKinMeasure &TendonLoength =
> > > > > > > > Main.FootModel.FootMusclesRight.EDL2;
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > DriverPos = {0};
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > DriverVel = {0.0};
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Reaction.Type = {1};
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > };
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Thanks for you help.
> > > > > > > > > **
> > > > > > > > > Prabhav.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > On 7/11/07, AnyBody Support <support@> wrote:
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Hi Prabhav
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > The solution you describe is currently the only
way to do
> > > > > > this.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > You need to define an intermediate segment for
> > > > connecting the
> > > > > > > > > > muscles.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > This poses the question on how to drive this
segment, in
> > > > > > reality
> > > > > > > > > > this point of the muscle will find an equilibrium
> > > > positions
> > > > > > by
> > > > > > > > > > itslef, but in the model we need to drive thsi
manually.
> > > > > > Here i
> > > > > > > > > > would recommend using linear combination
measures, in
> > > > this
> > > > > > way
> > > > > > > > you
> > > > > > > > > > may drive the segment to stay for example exactly
in the
> > > > > > middle
> > > > > > > > of
> > > > > > > > > > the muscle, or at some certain fraction.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Depending on the muscle configuration the muscles
may be
> > > > > > able to
> > > > > > > > > > balance the forces on this segment, but additional
> > > > reactions
> > > > > > to
> > > > > > > > the
> > > > > > > > > > underlying segment may be needed at least in the
normal
> > > > > > > > direction of
> > > > > > > > > > the bone and also the moment reactions (which
should be
> > > > zero
> > > > > > but
> > > > > > > > > > needs to be carried anyway).
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Plase ask again if you have further questions
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Best regards
> > > > > > > > > > Søren, AnyBody Support
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > — In anyscript@yahoogrou
> > <mailto:anyscript%40yahoogroups.com>
> > ps.com<anyscript%40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > > 40yahoogroups.com><anyscript%
> > > > > > > > 40yahoogroups.com>, “Prabhav
> > > > > > > > > > Saraswat”
> > > > > > > > > > <prabhav.saraswat@> wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > Hello everyone,
> > > > > > > > > > > I am working on a foot model and I have been
modeling
> > > > > > > > > > digotorum
> > > > > > > > > > > extensor and flexor muscle as 4 different
muscles. I am
> > > > > > > > curious,
> > > > > > > > > > if there is
> > > > > > > > > > > a way to define a muscle with multiple tendons.
I am
> > > > > > getting
> > > > > > > > > > results with
> > > > > > > > > > > only one of those 4 muscles taking up all the
force. It
> > > > > > will be
> > > > > > > > > > better to
> > > > > > > > > > > have a single muscle with bifurcating tendons.
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > I am aware that I can do it by defining an
intermediate
> > > > > > segment
> > > > > > > > > > and
> > > > > > > > > > > using AnyKinPLine
> > > > > > > > > > > function, but a detailed explanation will be
helpful.
> > > > And,
> > > > > > is
> > > > > > > > > > there any
> > > > > > > > > > > other better/easier method?
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > thanks
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > -prabhav.
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > >
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